Lub tsheb charger ua haujlwm los ntawm kev hloov 220V AC lub zog hluav taws xob rau hauv 16V AC los ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab coils ntawm transformer. Qhov no yog tom qab ntawd kho rau hauv 14V DC los ntawm lub rectifier kom phim lub siab tshaj plaws voltage ntawm 12V roj teeb. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, lub transformer ua voltage conversion, thiab lub rectifier converts AC rau DC. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm them nyiaj, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau hloov mus rau hauv tshuaj lom neeg lub zog thiab khaws cia hauv lub roj teeb; Thaum lub sij hawm tso tawm, chemical zog yog hloov rov qab mus rau hauv hluav taws xob lub zog thiab tso tawm. Lub tsheb charger muab lub zog ruaj khov rau lub tsheb hluav taws xob siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no.
Tshwj xeeb, transformer plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov hluav taws xob. Siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetic induction, thaum 220V AC mains fais fab yog siv rau lub hauv paus kauj, alternating tam sim no generates ib alternating magnetic teb nyob rau hauv lub hlau core. Lub coil thib ob, nyob hauv qhov chaw sib nqus sib nqus, ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob, yog li hloov qhov hluav taws xob mus rau 16V AC. Cov txheej txheem no ntse ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob, muab lub hauv paus tsim hluav taws xob rau cov theem tom ntej.
Lub rectifier yog qhov tseem ceeb uas hloov AC rau DC. Nws ua haujlwm 16V AC lub zog los ntawm cov qauv hauv Circuit Court tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kom ntseeg tau tias cov kev taw qhia tam sim no tseem zoo ib yam thiab tso tawm DC voltage. Vim lub zog poob thiab qhov hluav taws xob tawg thaum lub sijhawm kho, qhov kawg DC tso zis voltage stabilizes ntawm 14V. Qhov no yog vim hais tias 12V roj teeb lub ncov voltage hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag yog 14V, tseem hu ua "virtual voltage," thiab 14V cov zis hluav taws xob zoo sib xws rau qhov no, zoo them lub roj teeb.
Thaum lub sijhawm them roj teeb, kev hloov hluav taws xob tshwm sim. Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nkag mus rau hauv lub roj teeb, ua rau cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis zoo nyob hauv. Noj cov hmoov lead ntau-acid roj teeb ua piv txwv, cov hlau lead ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo poob cov hluav taws xob thiab yog oxidized rau txhuas sulfate; txhuas dioxide nyob rau hauv qhov zoo electrode absorbs electrons thiab raug txo kom txhuas sulfate. Cov txheej txheem no yog tsav los ntawm DC fais fab mov, yog li hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus rau hauv tshuaj lom neeg lub zog rau kev khaws cia. Thaum lub tsheb xav tau lub zog hluav taws xob, lub roj teeb tawm, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob khaws cia tau hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los txhawb lub tsheb ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lub zog hluav taws xob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsheb chargers muaj lwm yam haujlwm thiab cov ntawv. Nws tsis tsuas yog them cov roj teeb tsheb xwb tab sis kuj hloov 12V voltage los ntawm lub tsheb luam yeeb lub qhov hluav taws xob mus rau 5V USB voltage, ua kom yooj yim them cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub tsheb charger tuaj yeem hloov 12V (tsheb) lossis 24V (tsheb) DC lub zog rau 5-20V DC lub zog kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub tsheb. Ib txhij, thaum lub tsheb fais fab charger ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv them nyiaj yuav tsum sib tham nrog lub tsheb lub Roj Teeb Tswj Kev Tswj Xyuas (BMS) kom ntseeg tau tias tsim nyog voltage thiab tam sim no them raws li lub roj teeb tus nqi thiab lub xeev, tiv thaiv roj teeb kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim kho kev them nqi. Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug them nqi, thaum lub roj teeb nqi tsawg, ib tug loj tam sim no yog siv rau ceev ceev; raws li qib nqi nce, qhov tam sim no maj mam txo kom tsis txhob overcharge thiab kev puas tsuaj rau lub roj teeb.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, los ntawm ib tug complex thiab ingenious ua hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus, lub tsheb charger ua tiav kev hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm AC mains fais fab mus rau ib tug DC voltage haum rau roj teeb them, nrog rau kev sib nrig sib hloov ntawm hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj lub zog. Nws tsis tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev them nyiaj ib txwm thiab siv cov roj teeb tsheb tab sis kuj tseem muab lub zog tsim nyog rau ntau yam hauv - cov khoom siv tsheb, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob.